ABSTRACT
Environmental pollution is either caused by natural disasters or anthropogenic activities. Pollutants or heavy metals from these sources directly effects agricultural lands and water resources hence threatening to food security. Serious health conditions are caused by the presence of heavy metals in food. Heavy metals like Zn, Cd, Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, and Ni are becoming abundant in soil and slowly seeps down in water. Bioremediation is the only safest and cheapest method for the reclamation of soil and water. Among bioremediation, (microbial bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation) phytoremediation is the most effective way to reduce heavy metals, which in result soil quality is improved. Transport, translocation, transformation, and mineralization are the processes to degrade heavy metals. Growing of hyper accumulated plants successively or more foliage bearing plants like willow are two main approaches for this purpose. Using bacteria in conjunction with plants can enhance the uptake of pollutants. More biodegradable form is designed by these bacteria in the progression of chelation, methylation, redox reactions, leaching, and the production of siderophores. Besides bacteria mycorrhizal fungi is also being used to aid plants in uptake of heavy metals, e.g., plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Various mechanisms are used for plant assisted bioremediation including phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, and phytostabilization. Wastewater or polluted water 148can also made useful by implanting treatments. Wetlands are less studied in with respect to phytoremediation. So, plant assisted bioremediation is useful approach in improving the land environment.
