ABSTRACT
Ultrasonic scaling procedures generates aerosol produced by ultrasonic scalers, air-water syringes, and high-speed handpieces. Dental procedures that generate aerosol are considered a high-risk mode of SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission. Therefore, infection control measures are needed to minimize transmission risk. Aerosol-reducing devices such as saliva ejector (SE), high-volume evacuator (HVE), and extraoral vacuum aspirator (EOVA) have been used to reduce aerosol during aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). However, there are limited data on their effectiveness in reducing aerosol. This study evaluated aerosol spread and the effectiveness of HVE and EOVA in reducing aerosol in ultrasonic scaling simulation. Three ultrasonic scaling simulations were conducted on mannequins using: 1. Saliva ejector (SE) alone (control); 2. SE in combination with HVE; and 3. SE in combination with HVE and EOVA. The water supply of the ultrasonic scaler was mixed with disclosing solution. Paper filters were placed around the mannequin's face following the 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 12 o’clock directions. The contamination of aerosol was measured by counting blue spots on the paper filters. Aerosol spread was found highest at 12 and 3 o’clock positions during all three groups of ultrasonic scaling simulations. Using HVE and EOVA showed a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of aerosol spread compared to using SE alone. SE with HVE and EOVA group significantly reduce aerosol in ultrasonic scaling procedures simulation. Using aerosol-reducing devices is recommended to prevent airborne transmission of disease, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Further studies of aerosol-reducing devices are still needed to ensure the safety of patients. Patients’ upper facial area could be protected from aerosol by using head cover and goggles.
