ABSTRACT
The construction site is a high-risk workplace with frequent near-misses, injuries, and fatalities, especially among migrant workers who make up a significant portion of the labor force. Despite a decrease in accident rates for workers in the last decade, the fatality ratio among migrant workers remains higher than that of the local workforce. While several training methods, including computer-based learning, toolbox talks, and hands-on training, have been introduced to improve safety performance, the potential of virtual reality (VR) techniques for maximizing learning among migrant workers has not been fully explored. Furthermore, providing safety training content alone, without external peer support for migrants, is insufficient for optimal learning outcomes. To address these challenges, this study proposes a conceptual framework for developing an integrated VR-based training approach for migrant workers. The framework is based on three key principles: (1) Immersive Scenario Development – The VR-based scenario development criteria incorporate local safety regulations, linguistic support, and project information to create an immersive virtual environment that enables migrant workers to receive training for their relevant trade in their preferred language. (2) Enhanced Learning Support – External peer support and soft skills development are incorporated to facilitate knowledge transfer from the virtual environment to the real job site. (3) Participatory Approach – The framework includes a participatory approach that involves group-based methods and teamwork within the virtual environment to improve individual worker's abilities and increase the likelihood of the training yielding the desired results. The suggested framework proposes approaches for both experts and organizations interested in promoting safety training for migrant workers.
