ABSTRACT
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The progressive loss of neurons and synaptic connections leads to cognitive impairment and dementia. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD are complex and involve multiple pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent studies have focused on the potential therapeutic effects of phytochemicals, natural compounds found in plants, in mitigating neurodegenerative processes in AD. These compounds are known to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, which may help to protect against the development of AD. Phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin gallate have been shown to target multiple mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis. Curcumin, a polyphenol found in turmeric, has been found to inhibit Aβ aggregation, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate inflammatory signalling pathways. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes and wine, has been found to activate sirtuins, which are involved in regulating mitochondrial function and protecting against oxidative stress. In conclusion, phytochemicals hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for AD due to their ability to target multiple mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration. Further research is required to fully understand their mechanisms of action and to determine their efficacy in human trials.
