ABSTRACT
The global population is growing quickly and faces many challenges due to human overexploitation and environmental degradation. The employment of eco-friendly, sustainable, and financially feasible technology for environmental remediation and clean energy supplies for long-term growth is the 21st century’s most difficult problem. The use of biosynthetic nanoparticles to remove toxins from a polluted environment is a new, rapidly growing technique. The current work speculates about nanoparticle manufacturing by plants, bacteria, yeast, and fungi, which are all evolving as nano-factories and could be used in environmental cleanup. Most biogenic nanoparticles that have been examined have shown to be quite effective. The biosynthetic route to nanoparticle manufacturing could be more successful and safer than previous approaches. Nanomaterials have distinct physical and chemical characteristics, which has aroused the interest of scientists and researchers working in a range of environmental sectors, such as bioremediation. Pollution of stream water, groundwater, and soil are on the rise as a result of growing industrialization, urbanization, and modern farming methods. The elimination of pollutants is the most difficult task for researchers. Natural resources have been exploited to meet human requirements for energy generation and other needs, resulting in water quality degradation and pollution, as well as an ecological imbalance. Even though current treatment methods 260are effective, they have several drawbacks that make remediation operations more difficult. Nanoremediation uses nanomaterials and plants, referred to as phyto-nanoremediation, animals, referred to as zoo-nanoremediation, and bacteria, referred to as microbial nanoremediation.
