ABSTRACT
Heavy metals (HMs) pollution in streams is a huge danger to global water security, as excessive doses of these metallic agents may cause poisoning and can affect all living organisms significantly. These contaminants in wastewater have become a serious global problem. The study was performed, and few have access to unpolluted and potable water. The contamination from the metals HMs, like As3+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and several other metals, are causing water pollution, and all of us are connected via the food chain, which is accumulating into our atmosphere at a great speed, and these metals have the potential to bio-accumulate and cause toxicity. To address this issue, several technologies have been created. Nanotechnology has grown in popularity as an emerging technology, and numerous nanomaterials have been designed to eradicate HMs from polluted wastewater because of their superior properties arising from the nanoscale effect. Conventional procedures are employed 122for wastewater treatment and purification, but they are unsuccessful, and the pollutants are only partially removed. The nanotechnology-based industry has recently developed the strategy of eliminating the HMs from water as an emerging technology. To present, various nanotechnologies for HMs remediation from water bodies have been developed, including Carbon Nanotubes, Nanoscale Metals, oxide, Nanofibers, Nano-zeolites, Nano-Ag, Nano-magnetite, and dye-doped silica nanoparticles. Nanotechnology-based HMs removal from water sources has advantages such as good linearity range, low detection limit, and quantification limits with great sensitivity and selectivity. Field use of nanomaterial-based techniques must be simple and safe. The chapter discusses all the latest technology developed so far based on nanomaterial for the removal of HMs from wastewater.
