ABSTRACT
This chapter describes some aspects of such an approach in the sugarcane, palm oil mill and fish processing industries. Microbial processes can help in introducing a clean technology if appropriately introduced and maintained. The introduction of clean technologies using microbial processes can lead immediately to a sustainable industry with significant economic benefits to the industry and no doubt also to the oil palm farmer. Because of the relatively high hydrolytic activities in these solid wastes, fish silage, fish sauce and protein hydrolysate production, chitin and chitosan isolation and production of many enzymes, microbial biomass protein (MBP), and oil flavour compounds could form a new waste re-use industry. The most useful microbial process for the treatment of the liquid waste, including all the wastes from the solid waste bioconversion processes, is the anaerobic digester system.
