ABSTRACT
The fifth generation will provide fast device-to-device communication with seamless connectivity, extended networks, and special coverage. The node’s interconnectivity will be much improved due to routing protocols. Almost every ad hoc behavior emerges from MANETs. However, vehicular ad hoc networks and FANETs have wireless cellular networks as a backbone technology. This is a review article that consists of routing protocols, cellular networks, and different ad hoc networks. Also, low-power wide area networks can be used for IoT-based devices to enhance the coverage area. Also, a brief survey study is conducted on the topic of routing protocols. In addition, this review article will provide insight and knowledge about wireless technologies and routing protocols that will improve communication in ad hoc networks. Also, LPWAN short-range applications are discussed in detail.
