ABSTRACT
The revelation of gene–nutrient interactions has allured researchers’ interest over the last few years. In 2017, diets high in salt and low in whole grains and fruits were accountable for about half of all diet-related deaths, with 10 million deaths from cardiovascular disease. Nutrigenetics is a branch of personalized nutrition that studies how genetic differences, particularly those related to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), influence people’s food responses. Epigenetic changes can be caused by food solely or in combination with other environmental parameters. These variations in the genes have a big impact on cellular functions, such as hormonal levels, cell signaling, carcinogen metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle control, energy levels, and angiogenesis. Nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics will be used in the treatment and management of a range of diseases, including personalized prescriptions and lifestyle modifications. Despite decades of research, current instrumentation, and approaches are still insufficient in this sector. A shift away from candidate genes and toward genome-wide screening will be beneficial. Gaining a clearer picture may lead to the prescription of personalized diets for each individual. The most difficult task is preventing these diseases in populations that do not lack food but require adequate micronutrient consumption. The implementation and headway of nutrigenetics, and 268customized nutrition in general, is not only reliant on the quality of the data but also on social acceptability. Individuals known to possess a higher illness threat through genetic testing may be more encouraged to adhere to a dietary intervention.
