ABSTRACT
Sustainable agricultural systems emphasize on reducing the consumption of agricultural inputs, renewable resources, observe plant rotation, and use nitrogen-fixing plants to maintain soil fertility, and use biological fertilizers to improve soil structure. Microorganisms taking advantage of the interactions between factors affecting production basically reduced production costs and maintained sustainable cropping systems, one of the main microorganisms in the environment. Mycorrhiza fungus provide many benefits to their host by coexisting with crops, orchards, and ornamental plants. Mycorrhiza fungus 132increase tolerance to lack of water in the host plants through increasing water and nutrient uptake. Increased resistance to pathogens and salinity, production of plant hormones, and improvement of soil structure by facilitating the formation of aggregates are some of the benefits that the host plant enjoys in this coexistence. Mycorrhiza fungus have frequented and long-standing symbiotic relationships with the plant lineage. Selective mechanisms of this fungus to absorb ions improve photosynthesis by improving nutrient uptake and improving water uptake. The plant response to mycorrhiza is equivalent to the efficiency of a fungus in improving the growth status and absorption of plant elements. Therefore, the main way to measure the efficiency of the fungus is to determine the host growth response, which is called the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR). Mycorrhiza via long hyphae, which also have high growth power, can enter places where the roots are not able to penetrate and use limited water and nutrients. Fungal fibers move and grow to soil phosphates and are able to absorb it. Mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi are the largest group of mycorrhizal fungi that penetrate root skin cells and form structures called vesicles and arbuscules, which increase the level of metabolic content.
