ABSTRACT
Abiotic stresses have a detrimental effect on plant growth and productivity. The effects of abiotic stresses on crop productivity and on ecosystem deterioration have been exacerbated by climate change and agricultural malpractices such as the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses because it reduces crop yield on more than 20% of irrigated land throughout the world, making it one of the most severe environmental stresses. To combat this, salt-tolerant 160crops must be developed. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that allow plants to grow in salty environments. Salinization of plants involves activating molecular networks involved in stress sensing, signaling, and the production of stress-related genes and metabolites. On the other hand, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are frequently referred to as bio-fertilizers. Additionally, it is widely believed that inoculating host plants with AMF confers tolerance on them against a variety of stressful conditions such as heat, salinity, drought, metals, and extreme temperatures. This chapter provides a comprehensive up-to-date knowledge on the role of AMF in salinity tolerance and growth response in plants under salt stress conditions.
