ABSTRACT
Abiotic constraints on crop productivity have been exacerbated by climate change and agricultural malpractices such as overuse of fertilizers and pesticides, which has degraded the ecosystem. There is a critical need for environmentally friendly crop management strategies, such as the utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to increase agricultural productivity. AMF are frequently referred to as bio-fertilizers. Additionally, it is widely considered that inoculating host plants with AMF confers resistance on 4them against a variety of stressful conditions such as heat, salinity, drought, metals, and severe temperatures. The mycorrhizal association between plants and fungi is an important symbiotic relationship for plant growth. There are various types of mycorrhizal types found in nature. These types are found in diverse types of plant groups. The symbiotic association helps the host plants to survive better way than nonassociate plants. Increased nutrient supplies, carbon transfer, water uptake, the establishment of seedlings, pest resistance are the most important benefit for plants. This association has many ecological roles also. Many abiotic and biotic factors like soil temperature, acidity, fertilizer, crop rotation, cultivation of nonhost plants affect the mycorrhizal association. The sustainability of plant growth and development critically depends on this symbiotic association. Mycorrhizal technology could be a more eco-friendly alternative for agriculture practices.
