ABSTRACT
Smart grid research is expanding gradually due to the principles of cutting-edge technologies. Microgrids are the controlled units grouped in distribution networks that are regarded as the best method for obtaining the properties of a smart grid. The key microgrid research focuses are control, stability analysis, monitoring, and protection. To increase the grid system’s performance, the heterogeneous network (HetNet) concept is used in microgrids. The HetNet architecture has three primary layers: macro, metro, and femto; and four functional layers. The interaction between these layers during demand is termed a handover. As a result, the electric grid’s governance and production become decentralized. The four functional layers include the physical, communication, intelligence, and business models. This chapter provides extensive information about the HetNet architecture as well as stochastic and predictive modelling. The model-order reduction strategies and the dynamic equivalence principles are also examined, along with many additional research issues, especially about the self-organizing power grid. The approach begins with a mathematical simulation of a microgrid equipped with a battery storage system and renewable energy sources. In-depth coverage is given on the sub-layer and HetNet switching approach. Finally, basic layers are modelled and examined through Homer Pro software for a daily load profile.
