ABSTRACT
This chapter presents the implementation of THz beamforming transmitters. First, as a key beamforming component, the THz phase shifters in various topologies are discussed. Two passive topologies (reflective-type and switched-type phase shifters) and an active topology (a vector-sum phase shifter) are described and compared. Then, introduced are the beamforming THz transmitters implemented in various architectures and technologies. As an early work of an integrated beamforming transmitter, a 280 GHz CMOS beamforming array based on the distributed active radiators is described. An integrated 1 × 4 phased-array transmitter integrating a 20 GHz frequency synthesizer using a 0.13 μmSiGeBiCMOStech-nology is introduced. Finally, a CMOS eight-element beamforming transmitter operating at 370–410 GHz is described.
