ABSTRACT
The sun is the source of solar energy. Solar energy is a clean, sustainable, and renewable source of energy that can be converted into electricity using solar panels, which are made up of photovoltaic cells. Sustainable mobility refers to vehicles or transportation that are environment-friendly and economical. The aim of using sustainable mobility is to reduce the use of fossil fuels and emissions. The best example of sustainable mobility is Electric Vehicles (EVs) such as electric cars/two-wheelers, trains, and aircraft. Nowadays, EVs are popular, and the production of EVs is increasing drastically to help our future generation breathe pure, carbonless air. EVs use batteries to store electrical energy. EVs are powered by charging the batteries. The operating cost of EV cars, bikes, or other vehicles is comparatively higher if the entire operation depends on electricity provided to the battery. The operating cost can be minimized by using solar energy to charge EV batteries. Solar-based EVs consist of a Photovoltaic (PV) cell unit that can be placed mainly on the vehicle’s roof. Even though the received solar energy is not enough to charge the EV batteries fully, it can support the batteries to charge quickly. In some EVs, separate batteries are placed to receive solar energy. These different batteries are helpful to power the accessories of EVs, such as indoor lights, air conditioners, audio systems, headlights, indicators, control units, sensors, etc.
