ABSTRACT
Lung, breast, and melanoma tumors, which frequently spread to the central nervous system (CNS), are prone to developing brain metastases. The peripheral and central nervous systems are highly responsive to cancer and its treatments. In order to spread within the peripheral nervous system (PNS), nearby tumors frequently enter muscle, plexi, or nerve roots directly. Increased 268intracranial pressure from pathologic vertebral fractures caused by intracranial malignancy, epidural spinal cord compression, or cord transaction is a catastrophic, swift effect of cancer that can occasionally have on the nervous system. Edema, the development of mass lesions, uncontrollable seizure activity caused by brain tumors, and other neuro-oncologic emergencies are all examples of this category. Neurologic paraneoplastic disorders are the most well-known indirect effects of cancer on the neurological system. Cerebrovascular issues could arise from a hypercoagulable state spurred on by malignancy. Significant improvements in diagnostic precision and the identification of new therapeutic targets have resulted from significant advancements in our understanding of brain tumors and the ensuing massive development of clinical neuropathology. Moreover, there have been major improvements in all facets of clinical care, including imaging, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and supportive care. Moreover, neurologic problems might arise with cancer treatment. The most frequent of these side effects is peripheral neuropathy caused by radiation and chemotherapy, as well as damage to the brain, spine, and peripheral nerves. With regard to primary tumors in particular, improvements in imaging, surgical methods, and implant technology have led to better diagnosis and clinically available treatments. Additionally, primary sarcomas involving the spinal column were moderate to long term, controlled by modern chemotherapy medicines and regimens with novel radiation and radiosurgery alternatives. Infectious issues in the neurological system might arise from the inhibitory effects of cancer and its treatment on the body’s immune system. The neurological system may be negatively impacted by cancer directly or inadvertently through the side effects of treatment. As a result of cancer affecting the immune system and coagulation system, respectively, cerebral vascular disease and paraneoplastic syndromes are produced. After surgery, a patient’s condition can worsen. So, teaching, motivating, and counseling patients and their families are a part of tumor management. To extend survival for all patients with primary brain tumors, however, still much work has to be done. To enhance the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain metastasis, industrialized and developing nations alike must have access to technological advancements, including biological therapy, neuroimaging, particle radiation, and molecular diagnostics.
