ABSTRACT
Textile wet processing is considered to be one of the largest sources of industrial wastewater pollution. Textile manufacturers use several strong and difficult-handle chemicals, many of which are hazardous and have been associated with health-related problems to humans and detrimental ecological impact on nature. Replacement of such polluting chemicals with non-hazardous, easy-handle, and eco-friendly biocatalyst is emerging as a major solution to overcome the environmental threat. Enzymes are such eco-saviours and are rapidly gaining global recognition owing to their non-toxic, non-polluting, biodegradable characteristics and practical application under the reduced utility of water, energy, and time. The combined application of different enzymes is a new trend in textile processing, which further helps in the reduction of the number of processing steps and increases productivity. Immobilization of enzymes is an emerging area of research that helps to enhance the activity and reusability of enzymes for their long-lasting and improved applications.
