ABSTRACT
Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT), which involves administering drugs on a regular schedule at low doses with no extended periods of time, may be able to treat certain tumors. Tumor endothelial cells that are engaged in angiogenesis are the main targets for metronomic treatment. MCT stimulates the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to target tumor cells, thereby transforming the “cold” tumor immunologic phenotype into the “hot” tumor immunologic phenotype. At both clinical and preclinical levels, the development of novel immunotherapeutic medicines has revealed a therapeutic synergy between MCT and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The best schedule and several other factors, including the dosage, are yet unclear and need further research. This chapter provides an inclusive assessment of the possible therapeutic effects of combining MCT with inhibitors of checkpoint in clinical and pre-clinical stages, as well as the significance of the suitable treatment dosage and exposure of time. The current study also provides an overview of current understanding regarding the underlying anti-tumor effects of MCT.
