ABSTRACT
The Industrial Revolution was instrumental in strengthening industry by enhancing the means and technology for mass production, thereby elevating the standard of living in society and making it more convenient for consumers. With every Industrial Revolution, power and technology has significantly improved, leading to heightened economic growth. Industry 4.0 was the Fourth Industrial Revolution that integrated digital technology, automation, and data exchange in manufacturing, using IoT, AI, Big Data, and cloud computing for smart interconnected processes. In recent years, technologies have been increasingly important for creating novel solutions that easily combine with multiple energy sources. By working directly with robots, industries have improved their technological skills. Industry 5.0 comes forth as the next stage in manufacturing evolution, expanding upon the foundational principles laid down by the advancements of Industry 4.0. It envisions a collaborative and symbiotic relationship between human workers and advanced technologies, focusing on humans’ unique cognitive and creative abilities alongside automation and AI. Collaborative robots, or cobots, have emerged as a boon as they facilitate humans and robots working together in a workplace, resulting in more efficient task completion. Rapid technological improvements in industry can significantly enhance economic growth by producing customized products for customers. The objective of this study was to ascertain the potential contributions of Industry 4.0 technological applications in cylinder block machining toward achieving environmental sustainability within the context of Industry 5.0. Furthermore, this study presents a framework for human–robot interaction and enabling technologies for future undertakings within manufacturing systems, safeguarding the industry's ongoing sustainability.
