ABSTRACT
The study of citizenship has to concern itself with all those dimensions which allow or include the participation of people in the communities in which they live and the complex pattern of national and international relations and processes which cut across these. Throughout the post-Marshall period, when the concept of citizenship has drifted in and out of intellectual fashion, certain fundamental issues concerning the rights and duties of citizens with black or brown skins have continued to be addressed by writers on race in Britain and western Europe. Most significantly, the concept of citizenship has long been associated with the issue of nationality and immigration control. Clearly systems of immigration control in the uk and elsewhere are designed to restrict access to citizenship rights. For many years western European governments have operated immigration policies aimed at restricting the entry rights into Europe of black and third world migrants.
