ABSTRACT
Lochia or puerperal loss refers to the vaginal discharge that occurs during the postpartum period. The term “lochia” originates from a Greek word that means “relating to childbirth.” The composition of lochia is complex, reflecting the nature of the biochemical and immunologic mechanisms that are active during the early stages of labor at the maternal–fetal interface. Lochia consists of blood, sloughed-off tissue from the lining of the uterus, mucus, fetal hair, and bacteria. The lactational amenorrhea method during breastfeeding is also promoted as an alternative family planning method. Most puerperal sepsis occurs as either intrapartum uterine infection preceding or during labor, or early postpartum infection following birth, as well as postpartum endometritis. Asherman syndrome or intrauterine adhesions is the partial or complete obliteration of the uterine cavity by adherence of the uterine walls, leading to menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and habitual abortion.
