ABSTRACT
In general, the effects of ionizing radiation have been a greater focus for radiologists than cardiologists. This chapter discusses the manner in which X-ray images are created to better understand the means by which a reduction in radiation dose may be accomplished. It addresses the radiobiology of ionizing radiation to provide insight into the consequences of X-rays on biologic tissue and how these adverse effects can be minimized. The chapter outlines the basic operation of flat panel X-ray systems used in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. X-rays are at the high end of the energy spectrum and have short wavelengths. The radiation absorbed dose (rad) is a measure of the energy absorbed per unit mass by an organ. An operator or staff member who becomes pregnant may continue working in the cardiac catheterization laboratory if she so chooses. However, she is required to meet with a radiation safety officer and monitor radiation exposure with two badges.
