ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the original history of West Nile virus infection in humans as well as current epidemiology of the virus. The enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes as well as the transmission cycle to humans is reviewed. Additionally, aspects surrounding basic science and host immunology are discussed. Clinical aspects of the disease are highlighted, including systemic symptoms as well as neurologically relevant symptoms including meningitis, encephalitis, movement disorders, and acute flaccid paralysis. In regards to diagnostics, the chapter will review caveats of arboviral testing as well as give examples of typical MRI findings. The chapter concludes with a discussion surrounding prior treatment efforts, prevention tactics, and updates in vaccine development.
