ABSTRACT
Biological synthesis of nanomaterials refers to the synthesis of different nanoparticles and nanostructures using bioelements like plant materials and microorganisms. The growing need to develop “green” and economical synthetic protocols for metallic nanoparticles prompted researchers to explore the use of microorganisms, plant extracts, and other biomaterials. The involvement of natural bioelements in this synthetic route reduces the possibility of environmental pollution. This green synthetic route encourages the use of various microorganisms for preparing nanoparticles of noble metals and semiconducting oxides as well. Algae, fungi, and bacteria are some of the explored organisms to date. Use of plant extract for nanoparticle production is gaining in popularity nowadays due to its ease of preparation and lack of risks associated with handling. In this chapter, various biosynthesis procedures of metal nanoparticles have been discussed in detail. The uses of different microorganisms and plant extracts for the preparation of metal nanostructures have been elaborated with reference to the outcomes of current research activities performed across the globe in the field of nanomaterials production.
