ABSTRACT
Waste cooking oil (WCO) is the residue from the kitchen, restaurants, and food factories. WCOs are basically generated from vegetable oils used at high temperature in food frying. It consists of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, which is widely used as raw materials in food, cosmetics, the pharmaceutical and dairy industries, and skin care products. Enzymes are widely used as catalysts in many industrial, biomedical, and analytical processes. Lipase enzymes are important in biological systems which belong to the group of serine hydrolyses. They are mostly found built on an alpha and beta hydrolase fold with beta sheet containing the catalytic residues. In the biomedical field, Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been proposed as a promising biomaterial that is suitable for tissue mimicking, vascular cell culturing, and vascular implanting. In recent years, the use of PVA for cell immobilization has attracted wide attention due to several advantages that it offers.
