ABSTRACT
In order to describe the interaction of light and materials, we require an understanding of the anisotropy of materials. Light is naturally asymmetric, and most materials are anisotropic. Even when there are isotropic materials, they can be made anisotropic with the application of, for example, electric and magnetic fields. This chapter is an introduction to anisotropy of materials and the tools we use to describe this light–material interaction.
Concepts from electromagnetism are reviewed followed by a description of crystalline materials and their properties. Properties of crystals, characterized by their lattice type and symmetry, are illustrated with tables of crystal types, electro-optic tensors, and electro-optic coefficients. Worked examples are presented. Liquid crystals are also briefly mentioned. Methods of modulation of light by taking advantage of induced anisotropy conclude the chapter.
