ABSTRACT
The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was the first instrument available for study of the physical characteristics of surface treatments for adhesive bonding. The plastic replica was made using typical TEM methods. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique as developed by Remmel T. P. , in which the surface treatment specimen is bent to expose the broken edge of the surface treatment, provides much information about the thickness as well as the internal structure. Conductive coatings of gold, platinum, plaldium, and their alloys applied at 20 to 30 A by vapor deposition or sputter coating are used to provide the necessary conductivity without obscuring the surface details. Mervin A. Danforth and Sunderland R. J. used SEM, Auger, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Ion Scattering Spectrometry, and negative Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry to confirm surface treatment handling contamination from cotton gloves and kraft paper.
