ABSTRACT
Investigation of chondrocytes in vitro appears to be a particularly useful way to reduce the complexity of phenomena and gain a better understanding of the different regulatory mechanisms that are involved in cartilage maintenance and pathology. Schematically, the in vivo functions of chondrocytes can be divided into three parts: the general functions, proliferation, and respiration; the differentiative functions corresponding to the fabrication of matrix; and the metabolic functions performed by various enzymes. One of the aims of chondrocyte culture is to reproduce, as far as possible, the in vivo situation. Most methods of in vitro culture do not permit the maintenance of the different functional properties of chondrocytes. Cultured chondrocytes are not only useful for studying physiologically relevant regulation, but also for investigating regulation in pathological conditions and for studying the different effects of drugs or various modulators of chondrocyte function. Cultured chondrocytes have also been used as grafts to fill defects in cartilage.
