ABSTRACT
Patients with stable angina pectoris should be treated with antianginal drug therapy and with secondary prevention therapies to reduce cardiovascular events and mortality. Beta-blockers, nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and ranolazine are clinically effective antianginal drugs. Refractory angina pectoris should be treated with coronary revascularization. Patients with unstable angina pectoris should be treated according to the 2011 updated AmericanCollege of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association guidelines for treating unstable angina pectoris. High-risk unstable angina patients should be treated with early coronary revascularization rather than with an early conservative strategy. Other treatments for angina pectoris, including other antianginal drugs, cell therapy, transmyocardial laser revascularization, enhanced external counterpulsation, spinal cord stimulation, and the use of a coronary sinus reducer stent, are discussed.
