ABSTRACT

In vitro-expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a promising cell therapy product in regenerative medicine and in targeting dysimmune diseases, thanks to niche and immunological properties that can be impacted by numerous parameters. To improve clinical results, the main goal is to better understand their mechanisms of action and design relevant potency assays. Standardization of preclinical models and monitoring of treated patients will be a determinant to fully exploit MSC clinical potential. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms sustaining MSC clinical activity, on the factors modulating such activity, and on the strategies under evaluation to foster their clinical use.