ABSTRACT
Ultrasound (US) may be the only diagnostic examination required for evaluation of the uterus and endometrium. Familiarity with ultrasonographic findings of the endometrium from prepubertal to postmenopausal years aids in better differentiation between endometrial physiologic changes and pathologic conditions. Sonographic measurements of the endometrium should be made in the longitudinal axis of the uterus, including the layers of the endometrium on the anterior and posterior walls. This chapter focuses on sonographic images of normal endometrium and most common endometrial pathologic findings. Sonographic images of the endometrium are reviewed in the context of the patient's age; phase of the menstrual cycle; premenarchal, menopausal, or pregnancy status; and hormonal therapy. The chapter presents the actual possibilities of US imaging of the endometrium, looking for possible future applications of this method in the assessment of patients with infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial thickening, intracavitary lesions, and Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs).
