ABSTRACT
This chapter describes key concepts relevant to the analysis of intake data from recalls and records/diaries, briefly reviews the types of error in data collected using these methods and their potential implications, and discusses analytic strategies for reducing error. It addresses approaches to mitigate error in the analyses of data collected using recalls and records/diaries. There are few reference measures other than recovery biomarkers available to mitigate the effects of measurement error in data from recalls or records. Validation studies using recovery biomarkers indicate that data collected using recalls and records/diaries are prone to substantial random error but less bias than food frequency data. The chapter describes cases in which recalls or records/diaries are the main instrument used to collect dietary intake in a study, as well as those in which recalls or records/diaries are used as the reference instrument to reduce bias in data collected using food frequency questionnaires and screeners.
