ABSTRACT
The diversity of life arises from genetic information that has evolved through millions of years to meet the survival needs of different species. This genetic material is stored in single cells; therefore, the cell is considered the minimal unit in a living system. This chapter offers a summary of cellular components, including the cytoskeleton, the plasma membrane, and DNA. It explores how each of these has been utilized in the design and production of biomaterials. The chapter reviews work that has used whole cells to design biomaterials with specific biological functions, making use of the mechanical properties of cells. DNA is the carrier of genetic information for all forms of life. DNA is a nucleic acid made up of two long polynucleotide chains. Biomaterials that interact with the body as drug delivery systems, biosensors, or diagnostic tools have specific design parameters and unique challenges like biocompatibility and degradation.
