ABSTRACT
The recovery of electricity from waste or wastewater continues to attract several researchers and research options since it offers the potentiality of reducing the overall expense of treatment while decreasing biomass production. From the electric current and power production viewpoint, the innovation of novel components and cell materials is becoming more significant as striking price and efficient performance will immensely expand the utilization of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Together with the advantage of providing continuous and logistically simple available fuels with high energy density, microbial electrochemical systems or bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) can be operated for portable applications. While the early studies were mainly based on the development of MFCs with bioanodes, the research ideas of BESs are quickly branching due to attractive developments in the study of biocathodes as well as microbial X cells. The important factors for developing BESs to an economical level are the pH components, the increasing ohmic resistance, and the rising overpotentials. For the purpose of wetland wastewater treatment full of landfill leachate, the combination of MFCs along with the newly developed treatment processes seems to be more effective, plausible, and cost-efficient. At present, the materialization of microbial electrosynthesis focuses on an alternative innovation for sustainable generation through bioelectrochemical route. This technique functions by either obtaining from or providing electric current to potential microbial strains so as to stimulate chemical production.
