ABSTRACT
Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, 144, 298-301, 315
Acute NIV ARF, see Acute respiratory failure
(ARF) care settings, 3-5 education programmes/assessment
of staff competencies, see Education programmes/ assessment
in obesity related respiratory failure, 452
monitoring during, see Monitoring, during acute NIV
set-up, see Setup, acute NIV Acute oxygen therapy, 287-293
clinical assessment of potentially hypoxic patient, 287, 288
future research, 292-293 investigations, 288-289 overview, 287, 288t oxygen therapy, 289-290 supplementary oxygen, 290-292
overview, 290-291 prescription, administration and
monitoring, 291-292 vulnerable to oxygen, patients, 291
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 23, 30, 475
ECCO2R in patients with, 36, 37-38, 40
HFOT for, 298 LUCI in ventilated patient with,
194-195 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Network (ARDSNet), 37-38 Acute respiratory failure (ARF), 139-146,
481 acute cardiac failure, 143 acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure,
144 COPD exacerbation, 139-141
COPD patients in, 24 effects of PAV in, 31 gold standard in, 122 HFNCO, 145-146 hypoxaemic, 298-301, 315 IMV, discontinuation of, 141-143
effects of NIV during unsuccessful weaning, 142-143
pathophysiology of weaning failure, 141-142
in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 394-395
in bronchiectasis, evidence-based use of NIV in, 471
in CF evidence-based use of NIV in, 471
in obesity and obesity-hypoventilation syndrome, 462
NIV and CPAP, 460-462 interfaces for, 43 NIV in children with, 533-536
clinical management, 536 evidence base, 533-536 overview, 533
nosocomial pneumonia, risk of, 57 oronasal masks for, 47 overview, 2, 3, 5, 47, 147 pressure support and volume control,
14 prevention
COPD and hypercapnic respiratory failure, exacerbation, 131
CPO, 131 de novo hypoxic respiratory
failure, 132, 133-134 starting NIV, 73-77
equipment, 76, 77 location, 74-75 personnel, 73, 74f practical issues, 77 selection of patients, 75-76, 77t
Acute setting CPAP in, 25 guidelines for NIV in, 113
Acute-on-chronic respiratory failure amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 394 intubation in, 249-252
benefit of NIV, 249-250 Acute/acute-on-chronic respiratory
failure, development of, 243-244
Adaptive pressure support, 16 Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV), 414 Adaptive Servo Ventilation on Survival and
Hospital Admissions in Heart Failure (ADVENT-HF), 348
Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV), 341, 347, 348-349
heart failure and central sleep apnoea, 415
Adenosine triphosphate and ventilatory control, 448
Adherence, reduced, in NIV, 64 Administering NIV, out of ICU, 251-252 Administration, supplementary oxygen
therapy, 291-292 Adrenaline, 328 Advance care planning (ACP), 574-575 Advanced physiological measurements,
pulmonary mechanics, 178, 179 ADVENT-HF trial, 349 Adverse effects, of ECCO2R, 39 Aerosol therapy, in NIV, 67-70
characteristic factors of technique, 67-69
airway flow, 69 BiPAP mode, 68-69 CPAP mode, 68 interface, leaks, generator
position, 67, 68f type of device, level of positive
pressure and drug dose, 69 ventilatory mode, 68
factors depending on patient, 67 two factors derived from, 69-70
aerosolised bronchodilators during NIV, 69-70
ASTHMA-NIV, 70 COPD-NIV, 69 position of generator, 69 type of drug and dose, 69 type of generator, nebuliser vs.
