ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the basic approach for the clinician to follow when a fungal infection is suspected. The conventional classification of fungi is described followed by common clinical and radiological signs which would aid the clinician in making an appropriate diagnosis. The chapter describes in detail method of sample collection and transport as the diagnosis of fungal infections is highly dependent on it. As fungal culture is time consuming and lacks sensitivity, the significance of direct demonstration of fungal elements by various stains such as calcofluor white-KOH, Gomori methenamine silver stain etc. is discussed. In recent times, a number of non-culture based tests have become available commercially that can be used to pin point a fungal agent as cause of disease e.g. Beta-D-Glucan as a pan fungal marker, Galactomannan antigen for Aspergillus etc. Details of such diagnostic tests are described in the chapter. Molecular diagnostic techniques used in fungal diagnostics are also reviewed.
