ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes various properties of nanomaterials with their characters and reasons. Nanomaterials are materials that are characterized in the size range of 1–100 nm. There are two most important properties that make nanomaterials best in comparison to their bulk counterparts: large surface area and novel quantum effects. They are classified based on the number of dimensions, which are not confined to the nanoscale range (<100 nm): zero-dimensional (0-D), one-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D), and three-dimensional (3-D). Synthesis of nanomaterials with stringent control over size, shape, and crystalline structure has become very important for the applications of nanotechnology in numerous applications such as catalysis, medicine, and electronics. Various methods are available for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. They are sol–gel synthesis, hydrosol method/chemical reduction method, and vacuum deposition method. Two methods are used for the synthesis of nanotubes and nanowires: chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical condensation processing.
