ABSTRACT
Electrochemical techniques are unavoidable in the fabrication of sensing devices. Electrochemical techniques are functional in the preparation of sensors, the principal ones being polarographic and voltammetric techniques. This chapter focuses on unmodified/modified nanostructured electrodes correlated with different types of electrochemical techniques—cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square- wave voltammetry (SWV), chronoamperometry, and pulsed amperometry—applied for sensing application as voltammetric/amperometric sensors. Cyclic voltammetry is the most widely used since it measures current as a function of the applied potential and thus provides the mechanism of redox process. SWV is the most advanced technique because of the fast scan rate, large amplitude and potential to differentiate from the capacitive current. It also provides an analysis of both the reduction and oxidation processes simultaneously. DPV is one of the most sensitive techniques for the measurement of trace amounts of drugs and forensic materials.
