ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION The cosmetic use of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) on the upper face was ‘rst reported by Carruthers and Carruthers in the late 1980s (1). The ‘rst studies of the cosmetic use of BoNT-A were published in the early 1990s and approximately 10 years later it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, and similar authorities in other countries. This represents one of the most important contributions to the approach of the aging face in recent years.
