ABSTRACT

CASHEW NUT SHELL LIQUID-BASED ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS SHABNAM KHAN1,1, LAXMI1, HINA ZAFAR2, ERAM SHARMIN3, FAHMINA ZAFAR1,*,#, and NAHID NISHAT1,*

1Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India, *E-mail: fahmzafar@gmail.com (F. Zafar); nishat_nchem08@yahoo.com (N. Nishat) 2Division of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, PO Box 715, 21955 Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia #Authors have equal contribution

Abstract ................................................................................................... 34 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 34 3.2 Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ............................................................... 35 3.3 Chemical Transformation of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid/

Cardanol into Different Materials .................................................. 37 3.4 Applications of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Based Polymeric

Materials ........................................................................................ 43

3.5 Advanced Functional Materials and Applications of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid ............................................................................. 48

3.6 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 59 3.7 Acknowledgements ........................................................................ 60 Keywords ................................................................................................ 60 References ............................................................................................... 60

ABSTRACT

As the days are proceeding, there is growing interest in the development of advanced materials from renewable resources rather than petroleum-based feedstocks. This is on the account of depletion of petroleum resources leading to increase in the cost of their products. This reflects a global requirement for sustainability without resource exhaustion. Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is an agro byproduct of cashew nut processing industry. It contains anacardic acid, cardol, 2-methyl cardol and cardanol. All these constituents have versatile applications. So, CNSL is regarded as a versatile and valuable raw material for wide applications such as additives for lubricants, diesel engine fuels, pour point depressants, antioxidants, stabilizers, flame retardants, resins, inks, hydro-repellents, fine chemicals, intermediates as well as in biomedical applications. In the development of new green advanced functional materials, CNSL plays an important role due to its availability, low cost and biodegradability along with its unique structural features. The aim of the present chapter is to focus on the development of CNSL-based advanced functional materials such as soft materials, nanocomposites and coordination polymers and their applications.