ABSTRACT
The sustainability in material-forming industry generally includes three aspects: environmental sustainability—about planet, economic sustainability—about profit, and social sustainability—about people. The material-forming processes should be designed, optimized, and controlled with environmental sustainability as one of the major objectives, and products produced by material forming should not be harmful to people during production and use in terms of health and safety. Material-forming industry has faced new challenges of sustainability requirement to minimize the overall environmental impact under a life cycle perspective, in addition to the traditional requirements for lower cost, better quality, and faster to market. The energy consumption throughout the material-forming operations has a significant effect on the green and sustainable material forming. Friction is a critical factor that greatly affects the material-forming operations and has a significant effect to green forming practice due to parasitic energy loss and the use of lubricants. Elimination of material waste is another milestone along the journey toward green forming.
