ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses cardiac surgeries. It also explains general anaesthetic principles, monitoring and epidemiology. These surgeries include aortic valve surgery, coronary artery bypass grafting, mitral valve surgery, postoperative care of adult patients after cardiopulmonary bypass, postoperative care of paediatric patients after cardiopulmonary bypass, sequelae of cardiopulmonary bypass and thoracic aorta surgery. Aortic stenosis can be either congenital or acquired. Common surgical interventions include revision surgery for pulmonary valve incompetence or stenosis. Right ventricular outflow obstruction at the sub-valvular or pulmonary artery level requiring new conduits and valve replacement are necessary. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in Western societies and coronary artery bypass graft surgery comprises 50"-60" of most cardiac surgical programmes. Mitral stenosis continues to present regularly to specialist units, despite the success of antibiotic therapy against acute rheumatic fever. The history of the condition is a gradual deterioration over many years.
