ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the health issues related to the genitourinary tract. It also explains the causes, preoperative assessment, perioperative management, prognosis and investigations. These issues acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, goodpasture syndrome, haemolytic uraemic syndrome and nephrotic syndrome. Acute kidney injury is an acute decline in renal function sufficient to result in the retention of nitrogenous end-products of metabolism. Chronic kidney disease produces retention of nitrogenous waste products and inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome is a triad of renal failure, haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopaenia and is the most common cause of renal failure in infancy and childhood. Nephrotic syndrome can be primary, being a disease specific to the kidneys, or secondary to a systemic condition. Injury to glomeruli is an essential feature. Transplant recipients may present for any surgery and it is imperative that no damage occurs to the organ.
