This chapter focuses on filtration developments, specifically charged filter media, as applied to primarily pharmaceutical and beverage applications. There are many examples where the use of charged filter media has been applied to additional fluid purification areas including microelectronic integrated circuit manufacture, wastewater remediation, water treatment, and others. Early developments to improve upon filter media comprising naturally occurring materials involved investigations to create synthetic filter media or “engineered” filter media consisting of natural components. During the period 1972–1976, several basic types of filter media employing the method of creating charge-enhanced filter media were developed and commercialized. Rising out of the development of positively charged depth filter media, the concept of charge modification of polymeric microporous membranes was first proposed in the early 1970s by Ostreicher. The ionic environment plays an important role in the adsorptive capacity of charge-modified filter media.