ABSTRACT
RHD is the most common cause of mitral stenosis, other causes are relatively uncommon. Congenital MS is seen in paediatric age group. Mitral annular calcification causing degenerated MS is a rare disease of the elderly. In this, the valve thickening and calcification predominantly involves the base of the leaflets without any commissural fusion. This contrasts with rheumatic MS, where thickening and calcification predominates at the tips of valve leaflets, and there is commissural fusion. Radiation exposure is a definite risk factor for development of clinically significant valvular heart disease. Usually it involves aortic valve, development of hemodynamic significant MS is rare. Findings of restrictive motion of posterior mitral leaflet and commissural fusion, which are hallmark of rheumatic MS are usually absent in radiation-induced MS. Iatrogenic causes are increasingly being recognized and clinicians should be aware of this possible complication.
