ABSTRACT
The incidence of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has started decreasing but it remains a major public health problem in low and middle-income countries. Mitral stenosis (MS), the most common squelae of rheumatic fever, leads to many complications, especially if not treated on time. Though valve replacements and percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) have improved outcomes, their longevity remains shortened by the disease process primarily due to the complication associated with the disease. They include acute pulmonary edema, atrial fibrillation, systemic embolism, pulmonary hypertension, infective endocarditis, rarely dysphagia and dysphonia.
