ABSTRACT
Coagulopathy and anemia are both common in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and when present, are associated with adverse outcomes over and above those resulting from the injury itself. Despite significant research efforts, the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms of coagulopathy in TBI remain to be fully discovered. The presence of coagulopathy and/or anemia in patients with TBI has several important management implications, particularly in cases in which surgical intervention is being considered. However, there is a relative scarcity of high-quality evidence to guide decision-making about management of coagulopathy and anemia in TBI. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, investigation, and management of coagulopathy in TBI, and also the management of anemia with a particular focus on the use of blood transfusions. In addition to this, specific management challenges are also discussed, including the management of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy in patients with TBI, as well as decisions regarding the use and timing of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis.
