ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes and discusses the highest quality evidence, namely systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), as well as individual RCTs and prospective cohort studies evaluating the effect of nuts on the prevention and management of diabetes. Nuts are nutrient-dense foods, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vegetable protein, fiber, and minerals, as well as bioactive components such as polyphenols, tocopherols, phytosterols, and phenolics. One prospective cohort study conducted in Spain assessed the association between nut consumption, specifically walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, and peanuts, and risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). Epidemiological studies have assessed the association of nut consumption with the prevention and management of diabetes. The association of nut consumption with MetS, diabetes incidence, or diabetes mortality has been assessed in 15 prospective cohorts. The effect of nut consumption on glycemic control in individuals at risk for diabetes.
