ABSTRACT
The facial aging process reflects an interplay of genetic, anatomic, chronologic, and environmental factors. At the consultation, filler agents are discussed in relation to their best cosmetic uses, longevity, cost per volume, and potential adverse events. Some of the points that need to be addressed at the consultation visit include the following choices: Collagen has been FDA approved for cosmetic enhancement of the face since 1981, but most collagen fillers have now been withdrawn from the market, being replaced by new-generation fillers. The size, smooth surface, and lack of electrical charge enables the microspheres to resist phagocytosis and dislocation as they are encapsulated by the patient's own collagen. Non-invasive and minimally invasive procedures have rapidly changed the face of aesthetic medicine. Cannulas, needles, and syringes have replaced the scalpel, and lunchtime treatments have eradicated the need to take time off work for recovery.
