ABSTRACT

Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome also fall within the dysglycemia spectrum. Core lifestyle medicine interventions for patients with dysglycemia include healthy dietary patterns and plenty of physical activity. The metabolic regulation and internal control of how energy modulates biochemical processes are achieved through complex interactions of substrate-, humoral-, and hormonal-level signals. Far beyond the observed impairment to insulin signaling, Dysglycemia-based chronic disease (DBCD), or more specifically, insulin resistance, encompasses systemic metabolic dysfunction that affects a wide array of energy regulatory hormonal and biochemical pathways. Lipid metabolism is also highly affected in DBCD. Insulin activity exerts multiple cellular effects that stimulate growth and metabolism. The glycemic index is another important concept regarding dietary carbohydrate intake. Fructose enters carbohydrate metabolism downstream of the major regulatory step of glycolysis, bypassing a highly important point of hormonal- and substrate-level control.